false claim - a statement that is directly contradicted by fact and can be easily proven untrue. (4 uses)

adding qualifiers - adding an extra word or phrase to a response, which makes it ultimately meaningless, but still leaves the desired impression. (3 uses)

appeal to compromised authority - insisting something is true because an expert on the issue says it's true, when that expert has a vested interest in the outcome. (3 uses)

half truth - a statement that is essentially true, but lacking critical information and presented as the whole truth. (2 uses)

misleading claim - a statement with a few elements or kernel of truth, which can easily be proven deceptive or fundamentally untrue. (2 uses)

slogan - a brief, striking phrase that people will remember, which typically acts on emotional appeals. (1 use)

appeal to anonymous authority - insisting something is true because an unnamed expert, study, or generalized group (like 'scientists') say it's true. (1 use)

accuse of lying - reacting to undesirable truths simply with accusations of lies and lying. (1 use)