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: misleading claim - a statement with a few elements or kernel of truth, which can easily be proven deceptive or fundamentally untrue. : Those same 160 million people losing insurance would have the option to get it through a government plan.[1]
: guilt by association - discrediting an opponent by linking them with a person, group, or entity viewed negatively by the target audience. : Warren uses Bloomberg's financial status and history of misogynist behavior to identify him with Trump, suggesting that nominating Bloomberg would be like nominating Trump. more...
: half truth - a statement that is essentially true, but lacking critical information and presented as the whole truth. : Klobuchar mentions her getting the highest voter turnout of any state in the country, without mentioning Minnesota normally has the highest voter turnout, whether she's on the ticket or not.[2]
: exaggeration - stretching the truth to make something seem more powerful or meaningful than it actually is. : Of the 5.08 million total stop-and-frisks under Bloomberg, about half (2.6 million) were of blacks, and far less were of young black men.[3]
: labeling - reducing a person or group to a rigid, stereotypical identity through the repeated assignment of certain descriptors or identity cues to that group or person. : Buttigieg’s framing of Sanders and Bloomberg locks them both into extreme identities, reducing their beliefs to oversimplified caricatures. more...
: innuendo - implying something negative or controversial without explicitly stating it, leaving the audience to infer the intended meaning. : By saying "Let’s put forward somebody who’s actually a Democrat," Buttigieg insinuates that Sanders and Bloomberg are not truly loyal to the Party, without explicitly making the accusation. more...
: slogan - a brief, striking phrase designed to be memorable, evoke emotional appeal, and reinforce a specific message or idea. : "One candidate wants to burn this party down, and the other wants to buy this party out" uses wordplay and metaphor to make the statement memorable and emotionally engaging. more...
: exaggeration - stretching the truth to make something seem more powerful or meaningful than it actually is. : Over the last 45 years the average worker is making about 11% more, when adjusting for inflation.[4]
: misleading claim - a statement with a few elements or kernel of truth, which can easily be proven deceptive or fundamentally untrue. : In 2008, Bloomberg said the financial crisis grew out of political pressure to make loans to those who were poor credit risks, never mentioning any race or ethnic group.[5]
: baseless claim - a bold statement that is presented as accepted or established fact, with no discernable evidence to support the claim. : 99.9% of the 10.6 million people on Twitter are decent, working people who believe in justice, compassion, and love.
: exaggeration - stretching the truth to make something seem more powerful or meaningful than it actually is. : The U.S. spends more, but not twice as much [5], the 87 million is more like 68 million [5], 60,000 far exceeds the number of people dying each year from not seeing a doctor on time [4], and 500,000 people are not going bankrupt solely due to health care costs.[6]
: baseless claim - a bold statement that is presented as accepted or established fact, with no discernable evidence to support the claim. : Buttigieg's health care plan was a slogan thought up by his consultants.
: going negative - involves portraying the opponent’s criticism as inappropriate, indecent, or underhanded, rather than engaging with the substance of the criticism.
: exaggeration - stretching the truth to make something seem more powerful or meaningful than it actually is. : There are five (5) paragraphs on Klobuchar's website that outline her health care proposals.[3]
: post hoc - proclaiming that because something occurred after X, it was caused by X, when no causal relationship at all may exist. : Crediting stop-and-frisk for a decline in the murder rate, when it had already been declining years before stop-and-frisk was implemented.[7]
: misleading claim - a statement with a few elements or kernel of truth, which can easily be proven deceptive or fundamentally untrue. : Obama's moderators came in a year and a half after Bloomberg had already taken action to reduce stop-and-frisk, and had already achieved a 71% decline.[5]
: whataboutism - discrediting a criticism by accusing hypocrisy to shift the focus away from oneself and onto others. : Bloomberg dodges criticism of his stop-and-frisk policy by suggesting that other politicians have made similar missteps on criminal justice—redirecting attention from his own record. more...
: cherry picking - presenting only evidence that confirms your position, while ignoring or withholding an often more significant portion that contradicts it. : Sanders lists only the letters from doctors saying he's in good health, while ignoring that he hasn't released his full medical records.[8]
: misleading claim - a statement with a few elements or kernel of truth, which can easily be proven deceptive or fundamentally untrue. : Bloomberg has never publicly released his tax returns, during his 12-year tenure as mayor. What he has done is allow reporters to review redacted versions of them.[3]
: red herring - throwing irrelevant information into an argument to divert attention from the real issue at hand. : Bloomberg highlights his record of hiring women, which may seem relevant but does not diminish allegations of his past sexist behavior in the workplace. more...
: pointed question - a question that is difficult to answer in an ambiguous manner without appearing to be evading or dodging.
: false claim - a statement that is directly contradicted by fact and can be easily proven untrue. : The Chinese haven't slowed down, but increased emissions of greenhouse gases every year since 2017, and remain the world's largest emitter.[9]
: false claim - a statement that is directly contradicted by fact and can be easily proven untrue. : If elected, Biden would raise the corporate rate from its current level of 21% to 28%, which would include small businesses.[9]
: saber-rattling - making nonspecific threats of consequences to intimidate an adversary and/or impress an audience. : Biden warns that, if China doesn't start burning less coal, the whole world will impose tariffs on everything China is selling.
: false claim - a statement that is directly contradicted by fact and can be easily proven untrue. : If elected, Buttigieg would raise the corporate rate, which includes small businesses, from its current level of 21% to 35%.[9]
: guilt by association - discrediting an opponent by linking them with a person, group, or entity viewed negatively by the target audience. : Sanders uses Bloomberg’s wealth to associate him with other billionaires who corrupt the political system for their own benefit, despite his wealth alone not equating to corruption. more...
: straw man - misrepresenting an opponent's position or argument to make it easier to attack, usually by exaggerating, distorting, or just completely fabricating it. : Sanders is advocating for a policy to increase employee ownership in corporations, NOT for communism or an end to capitalism.
: exaggeration - stretching the truth to make something seem more powerful or meaningful than it actually is. : Many economists estimate a wealth tax would raise only about 40% of what Warren estimates.[10]
: baseless claim - a bold statement that is presented as accepted or established fact, with no discernable evidence to support the claim. : Buttigieg has changed his positions to appease his donors.
: common folk - connecting with an audience by giving the impression that you understand and share their everyday struggles and concerns. : By sharing a personal story about his father losing his job and his family's subsequent challenges, Biden portrays himself as empathetic towards the struggles of ordinary people. more...
: out of context - removing a passage or quote from its surrounding context in such a way as to distort its intended meaning. : Biden actually said "Mitch, we want to see you come back," while he was in the midst of negotiating a budget deal with him before the 2014 midterms.[10]
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PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES
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cherry picking: common folk: guilt by association: innuendo: labeling: quote mining: red herring: slogan: straw man: whataboutism: