straw man - misrepresenting an opponent's position or argument to make it easier to attack, usually by exaggerating, distorting, or just completely fabricating it. (4 uses)

half truth - a statement that is essentially true, but lacking critical information and presented as the whole truth. (1 use)

false claim - a statement that is directly contradicted by fact and can be easily proven untrue. (1 use)

misleading claim - a statement with a few elements or kernel of truth, which can easily be proven deceptive or fundamentally untrue. (1 use)